Chronic active EBV infection mimicking periodic fever syndromes: a new challenge for the paediatrician

Introduction Chronic active EBV (CAEBV) infection is a rare condition associated to a chronic activation of Epstein Barr virus and therefore to a chronic and potentially lifethreating lymphoproliferation. Few cases of this condition have been described in the Asian population (with a prevalence of expansion of T and NK lymphocytes) and in North America (with a prevalence of expansion of B cells). This condition presents a poor prognosis: most of the patients not treated with bone marrow transplantation die for lymphatic malignancies.